Predicting forever chemical (PFAS) contamination in your catch
Built on 1,110 EPA composite samples (each made from 3 to 5 fish) covering 48 species.
Estimated PFAS concentration for this catch:
Warning: can be highly variable. Don't treat it as fact.
Deciding whether to eat it? Use the 95% upper bound, not the exact prediction, which can be far off. The bound is cautious on purpose. Compare it with the chart below and check your state's fish advisories.
This chart is from the Great Lakes Consortium for Fish Consumption Advisories (2025). It shows how often it's OK to eat a fish based on how much PFOS is in its meat.
PFOS is one type of PFAS, and it's the main one found in fish. In a study of freshwater fish across the U.S., PFOS made up about 74% of the total PFAS on average.
| PFOS in the fish (ppb) | How often you can eat it |
|---|---|
| 0 to 2.5 | 4 or more meals a week |
| Over 2.5 to 5 | 2 meals a week |
| Over 5 to 10 | 1 meal a week |
| Over 10 to 40 | 1 meal a month |
| Over 40 | Do not eat |
Our estimates above count all PFAS together, not just PFOS, so the PFOS in your fish is usually a bit lower than our number. For a cautious read, compare the chart with the 95% upper bound above, not the exact prediction. Sources: Best Practice for PFOS Guidelines, Table 1 (September 2025); Barbo et al., Environmental Research (2023).